← Yn ôl i'r ap / Back to app

DYSGU ARDDODIAID

Welsh Preposition Tutor - User Guide v2.0.1

Beth yw Arddodiaid? / What are Prepositions?

Welsh prepositions are among the trickiest parts of the language for learners because:

They inflect - Unlike English, Welsh prepositions change form depending on the person (am → amdana i, amdanat ti, amdano fo...)
They don't translate directly - English "for" can be am, i, dros, or ar gyfer depending on meaning
Verb collocations differ - "Listen TO" = gwrando AR (not gwrando i)
Emotions work differently - Welsh puts feelings ON you: "Mae ofn arna i" (fear is on me = I'm afraid)

Y Tri Math / The Three Types

Syml / Simple - Basic prepositions that inflect

Cyfansawdd / Compound - Multi-word prepositions using possessives

Heb rhediad / Non-inflecting - Just add pronouns

Arddodiaid Syml / Simple Prepositions

Arddodiad	Ystyr / Meaning	Nodiadau / Notes
am	for, about	Seeking, duration, exchange
ar	on	Emotions/states go ON you
at	to (person)	Movement towards a PERSON
dros	over, for (behalf)	Physical over, or on behalf of
gan/gen	with (possession)	Expresses "to have"
heb	without	One of the easier ones!
hyd	until, as far as, along	Inflects with 'at' pattern
i	to (place), for	To places, before verbs, recipients
o	from, of	Origin, material, partitive
tan / dan	until, under	Time (until) or place (under)
trwy / drwy	through	Physical or means (through/by)
wrth	by, while	Location, while doing, telling

Arddodiaid Cyfansawdd / Compound Prepositions

Arddodiad	Ystyr / Meaning	Nodiadau / Notes
o dan	under	Lit. "from under"
o flaen	in front of	Uses possessive: o fy mlaen i
ar ôl	after	Uses possessive: ar fy ôl i
ar draws	across	Uses possessive
ar ben	on top of	Also means "finished"
ar gyfer	for (purpose)	Intended for, purpose
ar bwys	near, beside	Uses possessive
y tu ôl i	behind	Takes i + pronoun
y tu allan i	outside	Takes i + pronoun
y tu mewn i	inside	Takes i + pronoun
er mwyn	for the sake of	Uses possessive
yn lle	instead of	Uses possessive

â / gyda / efo (with - accompaniment)

These three all mean "with" (accompaniment/instrument) but do NOT inflect - you just add the pronoun:

Form	Region	Example
â	Literary/formal	â fi, â ti, â fo...
gyda	South Wales	gyda fi, gyda ti, gyda fo...
efo	North Wales	efo fi, efo ti, efo fo...

Mutations: â and gyda cause aspirate mutation (c→ch, p→ph, t→th). Efo causes no mutation.

Key Patterns for Learners

🎯 English "for" → Which Welsh preposition?

am - asking for, hoping for, looking for
i - for a recipient (gift for you = anrheg i ti)
dros - on behalf of (speaking for the team)
ar gyfer - intended for, purpose (class for beginners)
er mwyn - for the sake of

🎯 English "to" → i or at?

i - to a PLACE: mynd i'r swyddfa (go to the office)
at - to a PERSON: mynd at y meddyg (go to the doctor)

🎯 Welsh puts emotions ON you

Unlike English "I am afraid", Welsh says "fear is on me":

Mae ofn arna i = I'm afraid (fear on me)
Mae syched arnat ti = You're thirsty (thirst on you)
Mae eisiau arno fo = He wants (want on him)
Mae hiraeth arni hi = She's homesick (longing on her)

🎯 Welsh has no verb "to have"

Use gan/gen instead:

Mae car gen i = I have a car (there is a car with me)
Oes ci gen ti? = Do you have a dog?
Mae 'n ddrwg gen i = I'm sorry (there is bad with me)

Tafodieithoedd / Dialect Variants

Welsh has regional variations. This app marks them with coloured superscripts:

N = Northern Welsh (e.g., fo, efo, gin i)
S = Southern Welsh (e.g., fe, gyda)
Unmarked forms are standard/literary Welsh, understood everywhere

When a dialect legend appears below an inflection table, it shows which variants are displayed.

Y Gemau / The Games

Cyfeirio / Reference

Browse all 25 prepositions with their inflection tables, collocations, idioms, and usage notes. Click any preposition button to see its full information.

Dewis / Choose

Multiple choice gap-fill exercises. Select the correct preposition form to complete the sentence. Filter by:

Type: Simple, compound, inflections only, or verb collocations
Count: 10, 20, 30, or 50 questions

Each question shows a discrete ID number (e.g., #42) for easy reference when reporting issues.

Paru / Match

Match Welsh verb+preposition combinations with their English meanings. The English column starts hidden - study the Welsh collocations first, then click "Dangos / Reveal" to show the meanings and make matches. For example, match "gofyn am" with "ask for".

Cyfieithu / Translate

Free-form translation practice. Type your answer and check it, or use "Dangos / Show" to reveal the answer if stuck. Choose direction (English→Welsh or Welsh→English) and filter by preposition type.

Each question shows a discrete ID number for easy reference when reporting issues.

Tips for Success

Start with the Cyfeirio tab to familiarise yourself with the patterns
Pay attention to the hints and literal translations in feedback
Practice verb + preposition combinations as fixed units
Use Paru to strengthen collocations
Return to Cyfieithu when you're more confident

Changelog

See CHANGELOG.md for version history.

Pob lwc! / Good luck!
← Yn ôl i'r ap / Back to app